# KAOPEN Interactions: Demographics and Automation

| Variable | capital_intensity: Z | capital_intensity: Z+KA | capital_intensity: Z*KA | labor_productivity: Z | labor_productivity: Z+KA | labor_productivity: Z*KA | capital_per_worker: Z | capital_per_worker: Z+KA | capital_per_worker: Z*KA |
|:---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| Z_1 | 35.3001*** | 32.3043*** | 32.9202*** | 11020.2718 | 8074.7470 | 8441.8279 | 0.0863* | 0.0957** | 0.0666 |
| | (11.5821) | (12.2434) | (12.5881) | (7971.3173) | (5918.7870) | (6075.3984) | (0.0457) | (0.0451) | (0.0458) |
| Z_2 | -4.2449** | -3.7210** | -3.7557** | 444.8283 | 337.9484 | 334.4925 | -0.0033 | -0.0058 | -0.0006 |
| | (1.7259) | (1.8303) | (1.9056) | (1181.9218) | (883.1289) | (910.7644) | (0.0070) | (0.0069) | (0.0070) |
| Z_3 | 0.1425** | 0.1193 | 0.1186 | -40.3927 | -21.8212 | -24.0815 | 0.0001 | 0.0002 | -0.0000 |
| | (0.0698) | (0.0743) | (0.0782) | (48.4754) | (36.3689) | (37.6048) | (0.0003) | (0.0003) | (0.0003) |
| fiscal_bal_gdp | -0.0629*** | -0.0532*** | -0.0533*** | 82.8448*** | 60.8302*** | 60.5402*** | -0.0001*** | -0.0001*** | -0.0001*** |
| | (0.0160) | (0.0173) | (0.0174) | (6.6397) | (5.2360) | (5.2293) | (0.0000) | (0.0000) | (0.0000) |
| nfa_gdp_lag | 0.2329 | 0.1801 | 0.1760 | 146.2205** | 121.3848** | 120.8963** | -0.0004 | -0.0007* | -0.0007* |
| | (0.1417) | (0.1578) | (0.1581) | (70.1826) | (54.4101) | (54.3184) | (0.0004) | (0.0004) | (0.0004) |
| rgdp_growth | 0.0648*** | 0.0778*** | 0.0779*** | 89.1163*** | 59.3720*** | 59.4621*** | -0.0001** | -0.0001** | -0.0001** |
| | (0.0090) | (0.0097) | (0.0097) | (3.6753) | (2.7908) | (2.7850) | (0.0000) | (0.0000) | (0.0000) |
| kaopen | | -0.1114 | 0.0618 | | 228.6801*** | 608.2480*** | | 0.0018*** | 0.0038*** |
| | | (0.1630) | (0.2420) | | (63.3162) | (102.9040) | | (0.0004) | (0.0007) |
| Z_1_x_kaopen | | | -4.8626 | | | -2709.8555 | | | 0.0354** |
| | | | (6.6860) | | | (2573.8827) | | | (0.0174) |
| Z_2_x_kaopen | | | 0.7011 | | | 307.3622 | | | -0.0061** |
| | | | (1.0136) | | | (390.2273) | | | (0.0027) |
| Z_3_x_kaopen | | | -0.0269 | | | -8.3249 | | | 0.0003** |
| | | | (0.0415) | | | (16.0239) | | | (0.0001) |
|:---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| N | 5100 | 4671 | 4671 | 5585 | 5074 | 5074 | 4747 | 4509 | 4509 |
| R² | 0.0748 | 0.0872 | 0.0905 | 0.4060 | 0.4481 | 0.4448 | 0.3723 | 0.4066 | 0.4060 |
| Countries | 171 | 159 | 159 | 185 | 171 | 171 | 171 | 163 | 163 |

*Panel GLS with country and year fixed effects. Standard errors in parentheses.*
*\*p<0.1, \*\*p<0.05, \*\*\*p<0.01*